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Iran has a significant export market for medicinal herbs, with exports reaching $550 million in 2023. Saffron is a major component, accounting for 60% of these exports, while other medicinal herbs make up the remaining 40%. Iran's unique climate and biodiversity contribute to the growth of a wide variety of medicinal plants, with over 8,000 species identified, 2,300 of which are medicinal.
Key Aspects of Iran's Medicinal Herb Exports:
- Dominant Saffron Exports:
Saffron, often called "Red Gold," is a major export, with Iran producing over 90% of the world's supply.
- Diverse Medicinal Herbs:
Beyond saffron, Iran exports a variety of other medicinal plants, including Damask Rose, Lemon Verbena, Lemon Balm, Lavender, St. John's Wort, Sage, Rosemary, Tarragon, and Peppermint.
- Global Reach:
Iranian medicinal herbs are exported to various countries, including European nations, China, and numerous Arab countries.
- Bulk and Extract Exports:
While a significant portion of exports is in bulk and unprocessed form, Iran is also developing its capability to export extracts of medicinal herbs, particularly to Europe and the Americas.
Here's a more detailed look at some of the prominent medicinal herbs found in Iran:
1. Thyme (Avishan/Absham):
- A fragrant herb from the mint family, often found in mountain regions of Iran.
- Used in traditional medicine to relieve sore throats, bloating, stomach pain, and joint pain.
- Thyme incense is also used for common cold symptoms.
2. Yarrow (Achillea millefolium):
- Widely used in Iranian folk medicine to treat inflammation, pain, and gastrointestinal issues.
- Found in various regions of Iran, including Lorestan, Isfahan, Eilam, and Fars provinces.
3. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum):
- Used in Iranian traditional medicine to relieve anxiety and insomnia.
- Also has a long history of culinary use in Persian cuisine.
4. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra):
- An indigenous medicinal plant in Iran, used for centuries.
- Various drugs containing licorice, like "Gastrin" and "Licophar", are produced for their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
5. Barberry (Berberis vulgaris):
- Naturally adapted to Iran and has been used medicinally for treating liver, neck, and stomach issues.
- Also used for blood purification and breath freshening.
6. Other notable medicinal plants:
- Ferula persica: Used as a laxative, anti-inflammatory, and for treating diabetes and rheumatism.
- Stachys lavandulifolia: Used as an herbal tea for gastrointestinal disorders and as an antispasmodic, diuretic, and antiulcer remedy.
- Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis): Used in traditional medicine to treat convulsions, blisters, ulcers, and sciatica.
- Anethum graveolens (Dill): Known for its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties and used in wound healing.
- Celery: Used to enhance memory, purify the blood, and calm the nerves.
- Cuminum cyminum (Cumin): Used to treat a wide range of diseases, including those with anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties.
- Heracleum persico (Persian Hogweed): A valuable medicinal plant with phytochemical compounds used in traditional medicine.
- German Chamomile (Matric aria chamomilla): Used to treat migraines and headache.
- Perforate St John's-wort (Hypericum perforatum): Known for its medicinal properties in traditional medicine.
- Astragalus gummier: Used for treating painful and inflammatory conditions.
- Asafoetida: Used in traditional Iranian medicine.
- Specific Medicinal Plants:
Examples of exported medicinal herbs include Ferula assa-foetida, Ferula pseudalliacea, Zataria multiflora, Astragalus verus Olivier, Ferula gummosa, Gundelia tournefortii, and Terfezia boudieri Chatin.
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